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Gastroenterology

5/6/2014

Anatomical Terms of Digestive System

Absorption
the process by which completely digested nutrients are transported to the cells throughout the body
Acid reducers
decrease the amount of acid produced by the stomach
Air-fluid level
An image made with a horizontal x-ray beam, a sharp flat horizontal line representing the interface between gas density above and fluid density below.
Ampulla of Vater
A hepatopancreatic ampulla, is formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct
Amylase
An enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars.
Anastomoses
Plural of anastomosis
Anastomosis
Connection of two structures
Antrum of stomach
The antrum of the stomach (gastric antrum) is a portion before the outlet which is lined by mucosa which does not produce acid
Anus
The posterior opening of the alimentary canal
Appendiceal orifice
An opening of appendix
Appendix
A bodily outgrowth or process
Ascending colon
The part of the large intestine that extends from the cecum to the bend on the right side below the liver
Bile
A yellow-green fluid that is made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder and passes through the common bile duct into the duodenum where it helps digest fat
Bilirubin
A yellowish pigment found in bile
Bowel
An intestine
Calot triangle
A triangle bounded by the cystic artery, the cystic duct, and the hepatic duct
Cardia of stomach
Part of the stomach which attached to the esophagus
Cardiac sphincter
valve between the distal end of the esophagus and the stomach
Common bile duct
A duct that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver into the duodenum (the upper part of the small intestine).
Descending colon
The descending colon is the part of the colon from the splenic flexure to the beginning of the sigmoid colon.
Diverticula
Plural of diverticulum
Diverticulum
An outpouching of a hollow (or a fluid-filled) structure in the body
Duodenal bulb
The portion of the duodenum which is closest to the stomach
Duodenum
A first section of the small intestine
Epicardia
The inner layer of the pericardium that is in actual contact with the surface of the heart
Epigastric
The epigastric region is the upper central region of the abdomen
Esophages
A muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach
Esophagogastric junction
The junction between the esophagus and the stomach epithelium.
Gallbladder
A gallbladder is a hollow organ that sits just beneath the liver and aids mainly in fat digestion and concentrates bile produced by the liver.
Greater omentum
The greater omentum is a large fold of parietal peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach.
Ileocecal sphincter
A valve between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine
Ileocecal valve
A valve between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine
Ileum
The ileum is the final section of the small intestine
Irregular Z-line
Irregular Z line is the connection where the esophagus meets the stomach.
Jejunum
The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine
Large bowel
Third or last part of the digestive system
Lesser curvature of the stomach
The lesser curvature of the stomach, extending between the cardiac and pyloric orifices, forms the right or posterior border of the stomach
Lipase
Lipase is a water-soluble enzyme used in breaking down lipids, commonly called fats.
Liver
A large, reddish-brown, glandular vertebrate organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity that secretes bile and is active in the formation of certain blood proteins and in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
McBurney point
McBurney's point is the name given to the point over the right side of the abdomen that is one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the navel
Mouth
The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food and saliva
Pancreas
The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system
Perianal
Located around the anus
Peristalsis
Peristalsis is a radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles
Pyloric sphincter
The pyloric sphincter, or valve, is a strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal and lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum
Pharynx
The pharynx is the part of the throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity
Pylorus
The pylorus is the region of the stomach that connects to the duodenum (the beginning of the small intestines).
Rectum
The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine.
Rugae
The series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ
Sigmoid colon
The sigmoid colon is the part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus
Sphincter
A circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage.
Stomach
A muscular, hollow, dilated part of the alimentary canal
Terminal ileum
The terminal ileum is the most distal part of the small intestine
Tongue
The tongue is a muscular organ on the floors of the mouth.
Tongues of salmon-colored epithelium
Transverse colon
A large part of the colon that attaches the ascending colon to the descending colon by crossing the abdominal cavity.
Villi
Hairlike projections that cover the lining of the small intestine
Volvulus
A volvulus is surgical condition that results in a loop of the bowel twisting on itself
Well-rugated stomach
A fold, crease, or wrinkle, as in the lining of the stomach
White line of Toldt
A site on lateral to the ascending and descending colon.

Gastrointestinal Disease Terms

Abdominal Adhesions
Adhesions are fibrous bands that form between tissues and organs, often as a result of injury during surgery
Achalasia
Achalasia is a disorder of esophagus, which affects the ability of the esophagus to move food toward the stomach.
Alagille syndrome
Alagille syndrome is an autosomal dominant (means an abnormal gene from one parent inherit the disease. One of the parents may often have the disease.) disorder AppendicitisA painful swelling and infection of the appendix.
Ascites
Ascites is excess fluid in the space between the tissues lining the abdomen and abdominal organs (the peritoneal cavity).
Atresia
Atresia is a condition in which a body orifice or passage in the body is abnormally closed or absent.
Barrett's esophagus
Barrett's esophagus is a disorder in which the lining of the esophagus (the tube that carries food is damaged by stomach acid and changed to a lining similar to that of the stomach.
Biliary atresia
Biliary atresia, also known as "extrahepatic ductopenia" and "progressive obliterative cholangiopathy" is a congenital (existing at birth) or acquired (disease developed after birth) disease of the liverBleeding in the Digestive TractGastrointestinal hemorrhage (loss of blood)
Carcinoma of ampulla of Vater
A rare malignant tumor arising within 2 cm of the distal end of the common bile duct, where it passes through the wall of the duodenum and ampullary papilla.
Cecal volvulus
A colon twists on its mesentery, resulting in acute, subacute, or chronic colonic obstruction (blocking)
Celiac Disease
Celiac disease, also known as gluten (a protein found in processed wheat and related grains) intolerance, is a genetic disorder. 13. Celiac disease is a condition that damages the lining of the small intestine and prevents it from absorbing parts of food that are important for staying healthy.
Cholangiectasis
Dilation of the bile ducts
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of gallbladder
Choledocholithiasis
Presence of gallstones in common bile duct
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones
Chronic Hepatitis C
A viral disease that leads to swelling (inflammation) of the liverCirrhosisCirrhosis is scarring of the liver and poor liver function.ColitisColitis is swelling (inflammation) of the large intestine (colon).Colonic polyposisColonic polyps are slow-growing overgrowths of the colonc mucosa that carry a small risk of becoming malignant.
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal, cancer is cancer that starts in the large intestine (colon) or the rectum (end of the colon).
Constipation
Constipation (also known as costiveness, dyschezia, and dyssynergic defecation) refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass.
Crohn's disease
A form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Cyclic vomiting syndrome(CVS) is a condition whose symptoms are recurring attacks of intense nausea, vomiting and sometimes abdominal pain and/or headaches or migraines.
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Dermatitis herpetiformis is an extremely itchy rash made of bumps and blisters.
Diarrhea
The condition of having three or more loose or liquid bowel movements
Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis is small, bulging sacs or pouches of the inner lining of the intestine (diverticulosis) that become inflamed or infected.
Diverticulosis
Small, bulging sacs or pouches of the inner lining of the intestine
Duodenal ulcer
An ulcer (sore) in the duodenum (first part of the small intestine) is called a duodenal ulcer.
Dyspepsia
upset stomach or indigestion (discomfort after eating)
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing
E. coli (Escherichia coli)
A germ, or bacterium, that lives in the digestive tracts of humans and animals
Enteric duplication cysts
A rare cyst in gastrointestinal tract, frequently occur in small intestine particularly the ileum, but can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract.
Enterocolitis
An inflammation of the colon and small intestine.
Eructation
A process of burping
Fecal Incontinence
The loss of regular control of the bowels.
Flatus
Gas generated in or expelled from the digestive tract, especially the stomach or intestines
Foodborne illness
Any illness resulting from the consumption of contaminated food.
Gallstone
A crystalline concretion formed within the gallbladder by accretion of bile components.
Gastric Ulcers
Gastric ulcer, also known as peptic ulcer, is a localized area of erosion in the stomach lining
Gastritis
Inflammation of lining of stomach.
Gastroenteritis
Severe inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
A condition in which the stomach contents (food or liquid) leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus.
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gum tissue
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood
Hemochromatosis
A disorder that results in too much iron being absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
Hemoptysis
Coughing up of blood or of blood-stained sputum from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs
Hemorrhoids
Painful, and swollen veins in the lower portion of the rectum or anus
Hepatic flexure
Sharp bend between the ascending and the transverse colon
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is inflammation of the liver from the hepatitis A virus Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is inflammation of the liver from the hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is inflammation of the liver from the hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis D is inflammation of the liver from the hepatitis D virus
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis E is inflammation of the liver from the hepatitis E virus
Hepatojugular reflux (HJR)
An increase in jugular venous pressure when pressure is applied for 30 to 60 seconds over the abdomen, suggestive of right-sided heart failure. Reflux (a backward or return flow)
Hepatomegaly
Liver enlargement
Hepatosplenomegaly
Enlargement of liver and spleen
Hernia
A sac formed by the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum).
Hiatus hernia
A hiatus hernia or hiatal hernia is the protrusio of the upper part of the stomach into the thorax through a tear or weakness in the diaphragm
Hirschsprung's disease
A blockage of the large intestine due to improper muscle movement in the bowel
Hyperbilirubinemia
Abnormally high amounts of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood.
Ileitis
Ileitis is an inflammation of the ileum, a portion of the small intestine.
Crohn's ile
It is is a type of Crohn's disease affecting the ileum.
Ileus
A interruption of the normal propulsive (driving force) ability of the gastrointestinal tract.
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine.
Inguinal hernia
An inguinal hernia is a protrusion of abdominal-cavity contents through the inguinal canal.
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the bowel that results in the failure of the intestinal contents to pass through.
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a condition in which there are symptoms of intestinal blockage without any physical signs of a blockage.
Intussusception
An intussusception is a medical condition in which a part of the intestine has folded into another section of intestine
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or Spastic colon
A functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits in the absence of any detectable organic cause.
Jaundice
It is a common condition which refers to the yellow color of skin and eyes. Normally bilirubin passes through the liver and is excreted as bile through the intestines. Jaundice occurs when bilirubin builds up faster than a liver can break it down and pass it from the body.
Lactose intolerance
Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose.
Lymphocytic colitis
A subtype of microscopic colitis. It is an inflammation of the colon which is characterized by chronic non-bloody watery diarrhea.
Melena
Black, "tarry" feces that are associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Ménétrier's disease or hyperplastic hypersecretory gastropathy
A disorder in which the gastric mucosal folds (rugae) are enlarged
Nausea
A sensation of unease and discomfort in the upper stomach with an involuntary urge to vomit.
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
A fatty liver, occurring when fat is deposited (steatosis) in the liver not due to excessive alcohol use.
NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) Ulcer
The second major cause for ulcers is irritation of the stomach arising from regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs.
Nutcracker esophagus
Nutcracker esophagus is a disorder of the movement of the esophagus.
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas.
Peptic ulcer or Gastric ulcer
A defect in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, an area called the duodenum.
Polyp
An abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane.
Porphyria
A rare disorder in which important part of hemoglobin, called heme, is not made properly.
Pouchitis
Inflammation of the ileal pouch.
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Irritation and swelling (inflammation) of the bile ducts of the liver.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
A swelling (inflammation), scarring, and destruction of the bile ducts inside and outside of the liver.
Proctitis
An inflammation of the rectum that causes discomfort, bleeding, and occasionally, a discharge of mucus or pus.
Pyloric stenosis
A narrowing of the pylorus, the opening from the stomach into the small intestine.
Rapid Gastric Emptying
A condition where ingested foods bypass the stomach too rapidly and enter the small intestine largely undigested.
Reflux esophagitis
An inflammation of the esophagus, caused by stomach acid that splashes into the esophagus.
Schatzki ring or Schatzki-Gary ring
A narrowing of the lower part of the esophagus that can cause difficulty swallowing.
Short bowel syndrome
A condition in which nutrients are not properly absorbed (malabsorption) due to severe intestinal disease or the surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine.
Splenic flexure
A sharp bend between the transverse and the descending colon in the left upper quadrant of humans.
Splenomegaly
An enlargement of the spleen.
Thrush
A yeast infection of the mucus membrane lining the mouth and tongue.
Tracheoesophageal fistula (Esophageal atresia)
Esophageal atresia is a disorder of the digestive system in which the esophagus does not develop properly.
Ulcerative colitis
A type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum.
Villous papilloma
A papilloma (benign tumour of epithelium or warts caused by papilloma virus) composed of slender, finger-like outgrowth occurring in the bladder or large intestine.
Viral Gastroenteritis (stomach flu)
An inflammation of the stomach and intestines from a virus
Whipple's disease
A rare condition that prevents the small intestines from properly absorbing nutrients.
Wilson's disease
An inherited disorder in which there is too much copper in the body's tissues.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
A condition in which there is increased production of the hormone gastrin.

Treatment Related Terms of Gastrointestinal Diseases

Abdominal computed tomography (CT)
An imaging method that uses x-rays to create cross- sectional pictures of the belly area.
Abdominal ultrasound
An imaging procedure used to examine the internal organs of the abdomen.
Antral gastropathy
Billroth I
The pylorus is removed and the distal stomach is anastomosed directly to the duodenum
Billroth II
An operation in which the greater curvature of the stomach is connected to the first part of the jejunum in a side-to-side manner
Cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of gallbladder
Choledochojejunostomy
Anastomosis of the bile duct to the jejunum
Cholescintigraphy
Cholescintigraphy is a test done by nuclear medicine physicians to diagnose obstruction of the bile ducts
Colectomy
Surgical removal of colon
Colonoscopy
The endoscopic examination of the large bowel and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus.
Colostomy
A surgical operation that creates an artificial anus through an opening made in the abdomen from the colon.
Endoscope
A medical instrument consisting of a long tube inserted into the body, used for diagnostic examination and surgical procedures
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
A technique that combines the use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat certain problems of the biliary or pancreatic ductal systems.
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
A diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract up to the duodenum.
Fluid wave
The fluid wave test or fluid thrill test is a test for ascites (fluid in abdomen).
Gastric emptying scan
A test to diagnose gastroparesis (is a condition that reduces the ability of the stomach to empty its contents, but there is no blockage [obstruction]).
Gastrojejunostomy
A surgical creation of an anastomosis between the stomach and jejunum.
Hartmann operation
The surgical resection of the rectosigmoid colon with closure of the rectal stump and formation of an end colostomy.
High-fiber diet
a diet high in the non-digestible part of plants, which is fiber.
Ileostomy
A surgical opening constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin.
Laparoscopy
An operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis through small incisions with the aid of a camera.
Laxative
Foods, compounds, or drugs taken to induce bowel movements or to loosen the stool, most often taken to treat constipation.
Nasogastric tube
A clear plastic tube that is inserted through the nose, down the back of the throat, through the esophagus and into the stomach used for feeding and administering drugs and other oral agents.
PEG tube
A gastric feeding tube is a tube inserted through a small incision in the abdomen into the stomach and is used for long-term enteral nutrition.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)
An endoscopic medical procedure in which a tube (PEG tube) is passed into a patient's stomach through the abdominal wall, most commonly to provide a means of feeding when oral intake is not adequate.
Postprandial
After a meal
Proctologist
The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders affecting the colon, rectum, and anus.
Proctosigmoidoscopy
An examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon with the sigmoidoscope.
Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy
Schematic of gastric bypass using a Roux-en-Y (surgical procedure for gastric bypass surgery) anastomosis.
Roux-en-Y operation
A surgical procedure for gastric bypass.
Sigmoidoscopy
A procedure in which a doctor looks in your large intestine with the help of sigmoidoscope.
Suppository
A drug delivery system that is inserted into the rectum.
Toupet fundoplication
A partial posterior fundoplication, in which the stomach edge is secured to the esophagus.
Upper GI series
Upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract radiography.
Whipple operation
A operation the head of the pancreas, a portion of the bile duct, the gallbladder and the duodenum is removed.

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Endocrinology

5/6/2014

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Anatomical Terms for Endocrinology

ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
adenohypophysis
The anterior pituitary gland
adrenal androgens
Any substance e.g. testosterone, that promotes masculinization.
adrenal cortex
Cortical part of the adrenal gland (on the pointer).
adrenal gland/ suprarenal glands
The endocrine glands which is situated on the top of the kidneys.
adrenal medulla
The adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal gland. It is located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex.
adrenaline
The hormone secreted by the adrenal gland. When the body is in a heightened state of excitement, the adrenal gland secretes more adrenaline.
calcitonin
A hormone, produced by the thyroid and parathyroid glands, that increases the deposition of calcium in bones.
calcium
A silver-white metallic element which is essential to the formation of bones and teeth.
corticosteroid
Corticosteroids are man-made drugs that closely resemble cortisol, a hormone that your adrenal glands produce naturally.
dopamine
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps control the brain's reward and pleasure centers.
endocrine gland
Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct.
endocrinologist
Endocrinologist: A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and management of hormonal conditions.
endocrinology
The study of hormones, their receptors, the intracellular signalling pathways they invoke, and the diseases and conditions associated with them.
epinephrine
Epinephrine (synthetic adrenaline) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter.
estrogen
The main sex hormone in women.
euthyroid
The state of having normal thyroid gland function.
Glucocorticoids (primarily cortisol)
A hormone that predominantly affects the metabolism of carbohydrates and, to a lesser extent, fats and proteins (and has other effects).
glucose
A type of sugar the body uses for energy
glucose metabolism
The process by which simple sugars found in many foods are processed and used to produce energy in the form of ATP
gonads (ovaries and testes)
Sex glands (testis or ovaries)
gonadotrophic hormones
A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and placenta; stimulates the gonads and controls reproductive activity
Home/o
Same, alike
hormone
A chemical released by a cell or a gland in one part of the body that sends out messages that affect cells in other parts of the organism.
insulin
A hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the level of glucose in the blood.
Islets of Langerhans
The regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine (i.e., hormone-producing) cells.
ketone bodies
Ketone bodies are three water-soluble compounds that are produced as by- products when fatty acids are broken down for energy in the liver and kidney.
medulla
The central part of any gland.
mineralocorticoids (primarily aldosterone)
Any of the group of corticosteroids, principally aldosterone, primarily involved in the regulation of electrolyte and water balance through their effect on ion transport in epithelial cells of the renal tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and loss of potassium
mucus
Slimy secretion
neurohypophysis
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that secrets hormones such as vasopressin.
norepinephrine
A hormone, secreted by the adrenal gland and similar to epinephrine, that is the principal neurotransmitter of sympathetic nerve endings supplying the major organs and skin. It increases blood pressure and rate and depth of breathing, raises the level of blood sugar, and decreases the activity of the intestines.
oxytocin
A pituitary hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and triggers lactation
pancreas
Digestive and endocrine gland. It secrets juices into the small intestine and the hormones insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin into the bloodstream.
parathyroid gland
A small gland of a group of four that lie in or near the walls of the thyroid gland and secrete a hormone that controls the depositing of calcium and phosphorus in bones
pituitary gland
A peanut-sized gland behind the eyes that secretes hormones affecting other glands.
potassium
An electrolyte
prolactin/luteotropic hormone (LTH)
A hormone secreted by pituitary gland which stimulates lactation after childbirth
somatotropin
Growth hormone
thymus gland
An organ located at the base of the neck that is involved in the development of cells of immune system, particularly T cells.
thyroid gland
An endocrine ductless gland in the base of the neck that secrets hormones responsible for controlling metabolism and growth.
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
A peptide hormone synthesized and secreted by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland, which regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid gland.
thyroxine (T4)
The principal hormone secreted by thyroid gland, which stimulates metabolism and is essential for normal growth and development.
triiodothyronine (T3)
An iodine containing hormone produced by the thyroid gland.
TSH
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that causes narrowing of the arteries and raises blood pressure. It also reduces the volume of the urine excreted by the kidneys.

Disease Related Terms in Endocrinology

acromegaly
Overproduction of growth hormones, resulting in enlarged bones in the hands, feet, jaw, nose, and ribs of adults.
Addison’s disease/ chronic adrenal insufficiency/ hypocortisolism/ hypoadrenalism
A rare, chronic endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid hormones (glucocorticoids and often mineralocorticoids).
addisonian crisis/ adrenal crisis
A group of symptoms that indicate severe adrenal insufficiency
alopecia
Loss or the absence of hair, especially from the human head.
cold nodule
A lump in the thyroid gland that does not take up iodine as it should.
Cushing's syndrome
Cushing's syndrome is a hormone disorder caused by high levels of cortisol in the blood.
diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus is a condition in which the kidneys are unable to conserve water.
diabetes mellitus type 1/juvenile diabetes
A form of diabetes mellitus that results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.
diabetes mellitus type 2/ non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( NIDDM)/ adult-onset diabetes
A metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
A problem that occurs in people with diabetes. It occurs when the body cannot use sugar (glucose) as a fuel source because there is no insulin or not enough insulin.
exophthalmos/ exophthalmia/ proptosis
A bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit.
goiter
Enragement of the thyroid gland appearing as a swelling of the front of the neck. Iodine deficiency is one of several causes.
Graves’ disease
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease where the thyroid is overactive, producing an excessive amount of thyroid hormones (a serious metabolic imbalance known as hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis).
hyperglycemia
An unusually high level of sugar in the blood.
hyperthyroidism
The overproduction of thyroid hormones at dangerously high levels.
hypoglycemia
The medical condition of having an unusually low level of sugar in the blood.
hypopituitarism
Failure of the pituitary gland to produce hormones, especially a deficiency in growth hormone, which can result in dwarfism.
Hypothyroidism (myxedema)
Low thyroid hormone production
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
A medical term that describes diabetes mellitus that requires insulin therapy to avoid ketoacidosis.
myxedema coma
A life-threatening complication of hypothyroidism
non-insulin dependent diabetes
A metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
polydipsia
Excessive thrust
polyphagia
Huge appetite
polyuria
Excessive urination
thyroiditis
Inflammation of the thyroid gland

Treatment Related Terms in Endocrinology

adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of the both of the adrenal glands
fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Measurement of blood glucose after you have not eaten for at least 8 hours.
fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, also known as the fasting blood sugar test , measures blood sugar levels and is used to diagnose diabetes.
hypophysectomy
Surgical removal of pituitary gland.
post-prandial
After meal
pre-prandial
Before meal
self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)
thyroidectomy
A surgical removal of thyroid gland or part of it.
TRH Test
A test to determine whether the thyroid gland is acting normally.
ultrasound
A test to determine whether the thyroid gland is acting normally.

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Emergency Medicine

5/6/2014

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Emergency Medicine
A medical specialty in which physicians care for patients with acute illnesses or injuries which require immediate medical attention.

Emergency Medicine Medical Terms

abrasion
Wearing away
activated charcoal
A form of charcoal with a high surface area that is specially formulated to bind to substances; used to prevent absorption of swallowed substances from the intestine
acute Myocardial Infarction
Heart attack
advanced life support (ALS)
A set of life-saving protocols and skills that extend Basic Life Support to further support the circulation and provide an open airway and adequate ventilation (breathing).
adverse effect
A harmful and undesired effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery
agonal respirations
An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by gasping, labored breathing.
air ambulance
An aircraft used for emergency medical assistance.
airway adjuncts
The medical process of ensuring there is an open pathway between a patient's lungs and the outside world.
altered level of consciousness
any measure of arousal other than normal
alveolus (plural: alveoli)
The tiny air flaps in the lungs.
ambulance
Vehicle for carrying to hospital
anaphylactic shock
A widespread and very serious allergic reaction.
anaphylaxis
A life-threatening type of allergic reaction
anatomical position
The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward.
angina pectoris
The chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood, thus a lack of oxygen supply and waste removal)
anterior
Situated before or at the front of
aphasia
A lack of language abilities that results from damage to the brain
apnea
A temporary suspension of absence of breathing
arachnoid layer
The arachnoid mater, is one of the three meninges, the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
arrhythmia
An arrhythmia is a disorder of the heart rate (pulse) or heart rhythm, such as beating too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly.
asthma
A disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.
atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib)
The most common cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heart beat).
automated external defibrillator (AED)
A portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the potentially life threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in a patient, and is able to treat them through defibrillation
avulsion
tearing away
basic life support
Basic life support (BLS) is the level of medical care which is used for patients with life-threatening illnesses or injuries until the patient can be given full medical care at a hospital.
body substance isolation (BSI)
Body substance isolation is a practice of isolating all body substances (blood, urine, feces, tears, etc.) of individuals undergoing medical treatment, particularly emergency medical treatment of those who might be infected with illnesses such as HIV, or hepatitis so as to reduce as much as possible the chances of transmitting these illnesses
bradycardia
Too slow heart beats
broken bones
Fractures
bronchodilators
A bronchodilator is a substance that dilates the bronchi and bronchioles, decreasing resistance in the respiratory airway and increasing airflow to the lungs.
bronchospasm
A sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles.
capillary refill time (CRT)
Cardiac arrest
The cessation of normal circulation of the blood due to failure of the heart to contract effectively
cardiogenic shock
A state in which the heart has been damaged so much that it is unable to supply enough blood to the organs of the body.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure which is performed in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person in cardiac arrest.
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
A stroke
cervical collar (neck brace)
An orthopedic medical device used to support a patient's neck and head.
chest compression
The prevention of the expansion of the chest.
chief complaint (CC)
A concise statement describing the symptom, problem, condition, diagnosis, physician recommended return, or other factor that is the reason for a medical encounter.
choking
The mechanical obstruction of the flow of air from the environment into the lungs.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe
closed (simple) fracture
Fractures are those in which the skin is intact
closed head injury
Closed head injuries are a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact.
collapsed lung (pneumothorax)
The collection of air in the space around the lungs.
complete fracture
A fracture in which bone fragments separate completely.
concussion
A concussion is a traumatic brain injury (TBI) that may result in a bad headache, altered levels of alertness, or unconsciousness.
congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
A condition in which the heart can no longer pump enough blood to the rest of the body.
contusion
A bruise
crackles
Crackles, crepitations, or rales are the clicking, rattling, or crackling noises that may be made by one or both lungs of a human with a respiratory disease during inhalation.
crepitus
A clinical symptom characterized by peculiar cracking
C-spine
Cervical spine
cyanosis
Cyanosis is the appearance of a blue or purple coloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface being low on oxygen.
defibrillation
Defibrillation is a common treatment for life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia.
Deformity/ dysmorphism
A major difference in the shape of body part or organ compared to the average shape of that part.
diabetes mellitus
A group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced.
diaphoresis/ hyperhidrosis
A medical condition in which a person sweats excessively and unpredictably.
diaphoretic
Having the power to increase perspiration
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl),
A drug used for the relief of nasal and non-nasal symptoms of various allergic conditions.
direct pressure
Most effective method to control bleeding.
disease
An illness.
Dislocation/ luxation
A separation of two bones where they meet at a joint.
distal
Away from point
do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order
A request not to have cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if your heart stops.
dura mater
The outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
E911/Enhanced 911
Modern evolution of telecommunications.
edema
Excess fluid between tissue cells.
elastic bandage/ACE bandage
A stretchable bandage used to create localized pressure.
emergency medical services (EMS)
A type of emergency service dedicated to providing out-of-hospital acute medical care, transport to definitive care, and other medical transport to patients with illnesses and injuries which prevent the patient from transporting themselves
Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)/ Ambulance Technician
A healthcare provider of emergency medical services.
EMT-Basic (EMT-B)
EMT-Intermediate (EMT-I)
EMT-Paramedic (EMT-P)
epidural hematoma
A bleeding between the inside of the skull and the outer covering of the brain (called the "dura").
epiglottis
A flap that is made of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the entrance of the larynx.
epilepsy
A brain disorder in which a person has repeated seizures (convulsions) over time.
EpiPen
Epinephrine Auto-Injectors
febrile
Having or showing the symptoms of a fever.
fight or fight response
The body's response to perceived threat or danger.
first aid
The provision of initial care for an illness or injury.
first responder
A person who has completed a course and received certification in providing pre-hospital care for medical emergencies.
flail chest
A flail chest is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks under extreme stress and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall.
fracture
A medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
A neurological scale that aims to give a reliable, objective way of recording the conscious state of a person for initial as well as subsequent assessment.
glucose
A simple sugar (monosaccharide) and an important carbohydrate in biology.
greenstick fracture
A fracture in a young, soft bone in which the bone gets eaten away and partially breaks.
hazardous materials (HAZMAT)
A dangerous good is any solid, liquid, or gas that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment.
head-tilt chin-lift
The primary maneuver used in any patient in whom cervical spine injury is not a concern.
hemiparesis
A weakness on one side of the body.
hemiplegia
A total paralysis of the arm, leg, and trunk on the same side of the body.
hemorrhage
Bleeding or the abnormal flow of blood.
hypertension
High blood pressure
hyperventilation/overbreathing
The state of breathing faster or deeper than normal, causing excessive expulsion of circulating carbon dioxide.
Incident Command System (ICS)
A systematic tool used for the command, control, and coordination of emergency response
incomplete fracture
A fracture that does not extend through the full transverse width of a bone.
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
A medical term that describes diabetes mellitus that requires insulin therapy to avoid ketoacidosis.
Intravenous (IV)
Within or administered into a vein.
intravenous cannula
A cannula or canula is a tube that can be inserted into the body, often for the delivery or removal of fluid or for the gathering of data.
ischemia
An inadequate supply of blood to a part of the body, caused by partial or total blockage of an artery.
jaw thrust maneuver
An effective airway technique , particularly in the patient in whom cervical spine injury is a concern.
Kendrick Extrication Device (KED)
A device that is used in vehicle extrication to remove victims of traffic collisions from motor vehicles.
laceration
A jagged wound or cut
larynx (plural larynges)
Voice box
level of consciousness (LOC)
A measurement of a person's arousability and responsiveness to stimuli from the environment.
local reaction
A reaction to treatment that occurs at the site at which it was administered.
long spine board/spinal board
A patient handling device used primarily in pre-hospital trauma care designed to provide rigid support during movement of a patient with suspected spinal or limb injuries.
manual cervical immobilization
mass (multiple) casualty incident (MCI)
Any incident in which emergency medical services resources, such as personnel and equipment, are overwhelmed by the number and severity of casualties
mechanism of injury
The mechanism of injury refers to the way damage to skin, muscles, organs and bones happen.
medical alert
medical condition
A broad term that includes all diseases and disorders.
medical direction/ online medical direction
A paramedic or emergency medical technician (EMT) to contact a physician from the field via radio or other means to obtain instructions on further care of a patient
meninges
A protective spine and brain membranes
meningitis
Inflammation of meninges.
myocardial infarction (MI)
Heart attack
nasal cannula (NC)
A device used to deliver supplemental oxygen or airflow to a patient or person in need of respiratory help.
nasopharyngeal (nasal) airway (NPA)
A tube that is designed to be inserted into the nasal passageway to secure an open airway
necrosis
The premature death of cells in living tissue
nitroglycerin
Medicine used to treat high blood pressure during surgery
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( NIDDM)
A metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
Non-rebreather mask (NRB)
A device used in medical emergencies that require oxygen therapy.
online medical control
open fracture/compound fracture
An injury where a broken bone is open through the skin.
OPQRST
OPQRST is an mnemonic initialism used by persons performing first aid, or medical providers, in order to facilitate taking a patient's symptoms and history in the event of an acute illness. It is specifically adapted to elicit symptoms of a possible heart attack
organ
A collection of tissues joined in structural unit to serve a common function
oriented
Supporting particular view
oropharyngeal (oral) airway
A medical device called an airway adjunct used to maintain a patent (open) airway
over the counter drugs
The drugs are medicines that may be sold directly to a consumer without a prescription from a healthcare professional
over the counter drugs (OTC)
The drugs which typically stored behind the counter.
packaging
paramedic
Emergency medical worker
past medical history (PMH)
The medical history of a patient is information gained by a physician by asking specific questions, either of the patient or of other people who know the person and can give suitable information with the aim of obtaining information useful in formulating a diagnosis and providing medical care to the patient.
patent airway
A patent airway is one that is open and clear, where the patient is able to inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
perfusion
To introduce a liquid into tissue or an organ by circulating it through blood vessels or other channels within the body.
pertinent negative
Absence of a sign or symptom that helps substantiate or identify a patient's condition
pertinent positive
Presence of a sign or symptom that helps substantiate or identify a patient's condition
pharynx
The human pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the throat situated immediately posterior to (behind) the mouth and nasal cavity, and superior to the esophagus and larynx.
physiology
Study of functioning of living cells
pia mater
Membrane around brain and spine
posterior
behind
prehospital
Occurring before or during transportation (as of a trauma victim) to a hospital
prehospital care report (PCR)
prescription
Witten order of medicine
protocols
Medical guidelines for a medical treatment
proximal
Neat the center of the body
pulmonary aspiration
The entry of material (such as pharyngeal secretions, food or drink, or stomach contents) from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract into the larynx (voice box) and lower respiratory tract (the portions of the respiratory system from the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs).
pulmonary embolism (PE)
A blockage of the main artery of the lung or one of its branches by a substance that has travelled from elsewhere in the body
pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
A condition where there is a rhythm noted on the monitor that should result in adequate perfusion, but the patient is pulseless and apneic
rales
An intermittent crackling or bubbling sound produced by fluid in the air passages and air sacs of the lungs and heard through a stethoscope
refusal of care
Declined treatment based on an informed consent
rescue breathing
The act of breathing for a person who is not breathing, yet has a pulse
respiratory arrest
The cessation of breathing
SAMPLE History
An mnemonic acronym to remember key questions for a person's assessment.
scope of arrest
shock
Failure of the circulatory system to perfuse tissues; hypoperfusion of the circulatory system
side effect
adverse effect
sign
Something that indicates or expresses the existence of something else not immediately apparent
snoring
Noisy, raspy breathing, usually with the mouth open; indicates an airway obstruction
spinal immobilization
critical trauma patient care that involves the maintenance of the spinal column, in-line, in place so that further injury to that area will be prevented during patient removal or handling.
splint
Device to immobilize broken bone
standard operating procedures (SOPs)
Formal guidelines developed by emergency organizations to assist in preplanning emergency operations and procedures before the incident
standing orders
stridor
Abnormal, high-pitched musical sound caused by an obstruction in trachea or larynx usually heard during inspiration
subcutaneous emphysema
Subcutaneous refers to the tissue beneath the cutis of the skin, and emphysema refers to trapped air.
subdural hematoma
A collection of blood on the surface of the brain.
symptom
An indication of a disease or other disorder, especially one experienced by the patient
syncope
brief lapse in consciousness
systemic reaction
T.K.O. rate
"To Keep Open" rate of infusing the IV solution
tachycardia
An excessively rapid heartbeat, typically regarded as a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute in a resting adult
tissue
A group of cells in organism
tourniquet
Device to stop breathing
trachea
Windpipe
transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)/mini stroke
A stroke-like neurologic deficit that completely resolves within minutes to hours
triage
Prioritization of patients for medical treatment
unconscious
Experiencing loss of senses
ventricular Fibrillation (VF or V-Fib)
dysrhythmia in which the heart is in a state of disorganized electrical and mechanical activity, resulting in a lack of blood flow; treated with defibrillation
ventricular tachycardia (VT)
A rapid heartbeat that starts in the ventricles
vertigo
Dizzy sensation
wheezes
high-pitched sounds heard when air moves through constricted airways; commonly occurs in patients with asthma.
wheezing
A sign that a person may be having breathing problems.
wide open rate
No restriction of fluid flow from the IV bag to the patient

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Dermatology

5/6/2014

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Anatomical Terms for Dermatology

albino
Person or animal lacking pigmentation.
anagen
Active phase of the hair
apocrine glands
Scent glands
bulb
The lower segment of the hair follicle
catagen
Transitional phase of the hair
collagen
A fibrous protein found in skin, bone, and other connective tissues
crust
Dead skin cells
dermatologist
Skin specialist
dermatology
The branch of medicine dealing with the skin and its diseases.
dermis
Skin layer between the epidermis and hypodermis.
eccrine glands
Sweat glands
elastic tissue
A type of connective tissue consisting mainly of elastic fibers and found in the walls of arteries in the dermis of the skin and in certain ligaments and tendons.
epidermis
Outer layer of skin
epithelium
Thin protective layer of tissue.
eponychium
cuticle
erector pili muscle/ arrector pili muscle
A microscopic band of muscle tissue which connects a hair follicle to the dermis.
follicular orifice
germinal matrix
A nail root
glabrous skin
External skin that naturally is hairless.
hair
A filamentous biomaterial, that grows from follicles found in the dermis.
hair follicle
A skin organ that produces hair.
hair shaft
The hair seen above the skin is called the hair shaft.
horn
A cell type.
hypodermis/hypoderm/subcutaneous tissue
The lowermost layer of the integumentary system.
hyponychium
The area between the nail plate and the fingertip
infundibulum
The upper segment of the hair follicle
integumentary
An outer protective layer
intermediate hairs
Hair that shows the characteristics of both vellus hairs and terminal hairs
isthmus
The middle segment of the hair follicle
keratin
A fibrous insoluble protein that is the main structural element in hair, nails.
Langerhans' cell
The frontline defense of the immune system in the skin. (epidermal cell)
Meissner's and Vater-Pacini corpuscles
Specialized nerve cells which transmits the sensations of touch and pressure
melanin
The pigment that is naturally present to varying degrees in the skin, hair, eye.
melanocyte
nevus cells
Merkel's cell's
Function is not clearly known (epidermal cell)
mole
A small dark, sometimes raised growth on the human skin, sometimes with a hair or hairs growing from it.
morphology
The identification, analysis and description of the structure.
nail plate
An actual fingernail
nails
A nail is a horn-like envelope covering the dorsal aspect of the terminal phalanges of fingers and toes in humans.
nevi
A birthmark, mole, or any other kind of growth or mark on the skin that a person is born with.
nevus
A birthmark, mole, or any other kind of growth or mark on the skin that a person is born with.
papillary layer
Upper layer of dermis
perionychium
The skin that overlies the nail plate on its sides.
reticular fibers/reticulin
A histological term used to describe a type of fiber in connective tissue composed of type III collagen.
reticular layer
Lower layer of dermis
scale
A scale is a flat plate or flake of stratum corneum.
sebaceous glands
Oil glands
sebum
Oily secretion
skin
The soft outer covering of vertebrates
skin turgor
The skin's ability to change shape.
squamous epithelium
An epithelium characterized by its most superficial layer consisting of flat, scale-like cells called squamous epithelial cells.
sterile matrix
A nail bed
stork bites/ angel kisses
Pink patches due to the stretching (dilation) of certain blood vessels
stratum basale
First epidermal layer
stratum corneum
Fifth and outermost epidermal layer
stratum granulosum
Third epidermal layer
stratum lucidum
Fourth epidermal layer
stratum spinosum
Second epidermal layer
subcutaneous tissue
A layer of fat and connective tissue that houses larger blood vessels and nerves.
subungual
Beneath the nail
tan lines
A division between an area or areas on the skin of a human of pronounced comparative paleness relative to other areas of their body that have been suntanned by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
telangiectasia
Small dilated blood vessels near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes.
telogen
Resting phase of the hair
telogen hairs
A telogen is a resting phase of hairs.
terminal hairs
Long hairs that grow on the scalp and in many people on the body.
vellus hairs
Short hairs of a centimeter or two long.

Disease Related Terms in Dermatology

Acantholysis
the loss of intercellular connections, such as desmosomes, resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes.
acanthosis
A diffuse epidermal hyperplasia.
acne
Acne is a skin condition that causes whiteheads, blackheads, and inflamed red growths (papules, pustules, and cysts) to form
acne excoriée
A mild acne accompanied by extensive excoriations.
acne vulgaris
Acne vulgaris (or cystic acne) is a common human skin disease, characterized by areas of skin with seborrhea (scaly red skin), comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules (pinheads), pustules (pimples), Nodules (large papules) and possibly scarring.
acrochordons (cutaneous skin tags)
Acrochordons (cutaneous skin tags) are small, usually harmless (benign) skin growths.
actinic
Referring to the ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight and UV lamps.
actinic keratosis
A small, rough, raised area found on skin that has been exposed to the sun over a long period of time.
agminate
gathered or clustered together
allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a delayed type of induced sensitivity (allergy) resulting from cutaneous contact with a specific allergen to which the patient has developed a specific sensitivity
alopecia (hair loss)
Hair loss
alopecia areata
A condition that causes round patches of hair loss, and can lead to total hair loss.
androgen profile
androgenetic alopecia
The most common cause of hair loss and thinning in humans.
angioedema
A swelling, similar to hives, but the swelling is beneath the skin rather than on the surface.
angular cheilitis
An inflammatory lesion at the labial commissure (corner of the mouth) and often occurs bilaterally.
angular stomatitis
Irritation and fissuring in the corners of the lips is termed angular stomatitis or angular cheilitis.
anhidrosis
Lack of sweating
anicteric
Without jaundice
annular
Shaped like or forming a ring.
aphthous stomatitis/ recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAUs)/ canker sores
The most common oral mucosal lesions
arciform or arcuate
Bent like a bow
asteatotic eczema
A form of eczema resulting from exsiccation of the skin due to factors like aging, atopy, dry climate, overexposure to water and detergents and malnutrition.
atopic dermatitis (AD) / atopic eczema/ infantile eczema
An allergic disease believed to have a hereditary component and often runs in families whose members also have asthma.
atopy/ atopic syndrome
A predisposition toward developing certain allergic hypersensitivity reactions.
atrophy
The partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body
atypical skin lesions
The precancerous lesions
autoeczematization
The development of widespread dermatitis.
basal cell carcinoma
A slow-growing form of skin cancer
Behçet disease
A rare disorder that causes chronic inflammation in blood vessels throughout the body.
benign-appearing nevi
Birthmark
Blaschkoid
Entire half of the body.
bulla
Blister
bullae
Plural of bulla
burrow
A narrow, elevated channel made by a parasite.
callus
Thickened layers of skin
candidal balanitis
A sexually transmitted disease
Celestoderm
A skin ointment to help relieve redness, itching, swelling, or other discomfort caused by skin conditions.
chancre
A painless ulceration (sore) formed during the primary stage of syphilis.
circinate impetigo
Ringworm like lesions.
Clotrimazole (brand name Canesten or Lotrimin)
An antifungal medication commonly used in the treatment of fungal infections.
collagen
A fibrous protein
collarette
A narrow rim of loosened keratin overhanging the periphery of a circumscribed skin lesion, attached to the normal surrounding skin.
collarette scaling
A characteristic sign in pityriasis rosea
Comedo (plural: comedones)
Blackhead
Comedolytic
Drugs that break up comedones and open clogged pores.
comedones
Plural of comedo
condyloma
Genital warts
condylomata
An infection of the genitals.
confluent
Measuring a number of cells.
cutaneous biopsy
The removal of a small piece of skin for lab tests.
cyst
Spherical swelling
decubitus ulcer
Bedsores
dermatitis
Skin inflammation
dermatomycosis
A skin disease caused by a fungus.
Dermographism urticaria
A skin condition in which the skin becomes raised and inflamed when stroked, scratched, rubbed, and sometimes even slapped.
diaper dermatitis
Diaper dermatitis is caused by overhydration of the skin, maceration, prolonged contact with urine and feces, retained diaper soaps, and topical preparations and is a prototypical example of irritant contact dermatitis.
diaper rash
A skin problem that develops in the area beneath an infant's diaper.
diaphoresis
Excessive sweating
Digitate warts/ filiform warts/ Verruca Filiform
The warts that are commonly found in parts of the body with thin skin.
Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)
An uncommon autoimmune disease of the basal cell layer of the skin.
Dyskeratosis
An abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely within individual cells or groups of cells below the stratum corneum.
Dysplastic nevi
Atypical mole
ecchymoses
The passage of blood vessels into subcutaneous tissue marked by a purple discoloration of the skin.
ecchymosis
The escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels.
eczema
An inflammation of the skin characterized by reddening and itching and the formation of scaly or crusty patches that may leak fluid.
eczematous
A noncontagious inflammation of the skin.
epidermal inclusion cyst
Most common cutaneous cysts
erosion
Gradual breaking down
erythema
Redness of skin caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin.
erythematous
Redness of the skin caused by dilatation and congestion of the capillaries, often a sign of inflammation or infection.
erythematous macules
erythematous, scaly rash
exanthema
A skin rash appearing as a sign of some infectious diseases such as measles.
exanthematous
Characterized by or of the nature of an eruption or rash.
excoriation
When the surface of the skin experiences abrasions and trauma as a result of frequent and repetitive rubbing or scratching, a type of secondary lesion known as an excoriation forms.
exocytosis
Infiltration of the epidermis by inflammatory or circulating blood cells.
Extensor (back of the fingers)
Back of the fingers
Figurate erythema
Redness of the skin caused by dilatation and congestion of the capillaries, often a sign of inflammation or infection in definite shape.
fissure
Break or tear in the skin
fleshy mole
A uterine mass occurring after fetal death and consisting of blood clots, fetal membranes, and placenta
Flexural (front of the fingers)
Front of the fingers
follicular papules
A small, solid, usually inflammatory elevation of the skin that does not contain pus.
folliculitis
Inflammation of follicles especially of the hair, product in small boils.
freckle
A brown skin spot
generalized
not localized
granuloma
A tiny collection of immune cells known as macrophages.
granuloma annulare
A long-term (chronic) skin disease consisting of a rash with reddish bumps arranged in a circle or ring.
Guttate psoriasis
Guttate psoriasis is a skin condition in which small, red, and scaly teardrop-shaped spots appear on the arms, legs, and middle of the body.
Herpetiform
Mouth ulcers
hidradenitis suppurativa
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a skin disease that most commonly affects areas bearing apocrine sweat glands or sebaceous glands, such as the underarms, breasts, inner thighs, groin and buttocks.
Hutchinson freckle
A tan patch on the skin that grows slowly and becomes mottled, dark, thick, and nodular.
Hydropic swelling
An intracellular edema of keratinocytes, often seen with viral infections.
Hypergranulosis
A hyperplasia of the stratum granulosum, often due to intense rubbing.
Hyperkeratosis
A thickening of the stratum corneum, often associated with a qualitative abnormality of the keratin.
hyperkeratosis
A thickening of the stratum corneum,
hyperpigmentation
The darkening of an area of skin or nails caused by increased melanin.
hypertrophic
The increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
ichthyosis
A skin disease that causes the skin to become dry, thick, and scaly.
impetigo
A contagious infection of the skin caused by staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria and characterized by blisters that form yellow-brown scabs
induration
Condition of being hardened
intertriginous
An area where two skin areas may touch or rub together.
intertrigo
An inflammation (rash) of the body folds (adjacent areas of skin).
itchiness
A desire to scratch the skin.
Kaposi sarcoma (KS)
A tumor caused by Human herpesvirus.
keloid
A type of scar which, depending on its maturity, is composed mainly of either type III (early) or type I (late) collagen.
keratosis
The growth of hard horny tissue on the skin
leishmaniasis
A disease spread by the bite of the female sandfly.
lentigines
A small pigmented spot on the skin with a clearly- defined edge, surrounded by normal-appearing skin.
lentiginous
A lentigo (plural: lentigines) is a small pigmented spot on the skin with a clearly-defined edge, surrounded by normal-appearing skin.
lentiginous junctional dysplastic nevus
lentigo (plural: lentigines)
A small pigmented spot on the skin with a clearly- defined edge, surrounded by normal-appearing skin.
leukoderma
A cutaneous condition with localized loss of pigmentation of the skin that may occur after any number of inflammatory skin.
leukoplakia
Small white patches inside the mouth or vulva.
Lichen planus
A disease in which there is an itchy rash on the skin or in the mouth.
Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
A chronic inflammatory dermatosis that results in white plaques with epidermal atrophy.
Lichen simplex chronicus
A skin disorder that leads to chronic itching and scratching.
Lichenification
Thick, leathery skin, usually the result of constant scratching.
lichenification
Thick, leathery skin, usually the result of constant scratching.
Linear
Relating to lines
lipoma
Fatty tumor
livedo
A form of skin discoloration.
livedo reticularis
A lace-like purplish discoloration of the lower extremities.
livedoid dermatitis
It occurs immediately after an intramuscular injection, and is characterized by intense pain and blanching of the overlying skin, known as ischemic pallor.
livedoid vasculitis
Painful purpuric ulcers with reticular pattern of the lower extremities syndrome.
maceration
Maceration of the skin occurs when it is consistently wet. The skin softens, turns white, and can easily get infected with bacteria or fungi.
Macule
A small localized change in the color of skin that is neither raised nor elevated as well as depressed.
macule
A flat, distinct colored area of skin that is usually less than 10 millimeters wide, and does not include a change in skin texture or thickness.
maculopapular
A rash that contains both macules and papules.
Maculopapular rash
A type of rash characterized by a flat, red area on the skin that is covered with small confluent bumps.
malar erythema
Redness over the cheeks of the face seen in systemic lupus patients.
malignant melanoma
A tumor which is likely to be spread that develop from melanocytes.
mamillated
Having the form of a bluntly rounded protuberance
Melanocytic nevus/ Nevocytic nevus
A type of lesion that contains nevus cells (melanocytes).
melanoma
Tumor of skin
milia
Tiny white bumps or small cysts on the skin that are almost always seen in newborn babies.
morbilliform
A rash that looks like measles.
mottled hyperpigmentation
Neurodermatitis/ Lichen simplex chronicus
A skin disorder characterized by chronic itching and scratching.
nodule
Small lump
nummular
Coin shaped
onychomycosis
Fungal nail infection
Palmoplantar
A palm of the hand, bottom of the foot
papillomatosis
A skin surface elevation caused by hyperplasia and enlargement of contiguous dermal papillae.
papule
Small bump on skin
papuloerosive
papulopustular
pertaining to a skin eruption of both pustules and papules.
papulosquamous
pertaining to a skin eruption that is both papular and scaly.
papulovesicular
pertaining to a skin rash characterized by both papules and vesicles.
Parakeratosis
A mode of keratinization characterized by the retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum.
paronychia
Paronychia is a skin infection that occurs around the nails.
patch
A large macule (A small localized change in the color of skin that is neither raised nor elevated as well as depressed)
perioral dermatitis
Perioral dermatitis is a skin disorder characterized by tiny red bumps (papules) around the mouth.
periorificial
Situated about or surrounding an opening
Periungual (under a finger or toe nail)
Under a finger or toe nail.
petechia
A tiny purplish red spot on the skin caused by the release into the skin of a very small quantity of blood from a capillary.
petechiae
A tiny purplish red spot on the skin caused by the release into the skin of a very small quantity of blood from a capillary.
Photoaging/ dermatoheliosis
A term used for the characteristic changes induced by chronic UVA and UVB exposure.
photo-damaged skin
Sun damaged skin
Photodistributed
where sunlight reaches.
pilonidal cyst
A cyst or abscess near or on the natal cleft of the buttocks that often contains hair and skin debris.
pinpoint petechiae
Petechiae are pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding under the skin.
pityriasiform dermatosis
Resembling psoriasis skin disease especially one not characterized by inflammation.
pityriasis lichenoides
A rare cutaneous disorder of unknown etiology.
pityriasis rosea
A common type of skin rash seen in young adults.
Pityrosporum hyphae
plaque
Deposit on skin
poikiloderma
A skin condition that "consists of areas of increased and decreased pigmentation, prominent blood vessels, and thinning of the skin.
poison ivy/contact dermatitis
An inflammation of the skin caused by direct contact with an irritating substance
polyp
A small stalk-shaped growth sticking out from the skin or from a mucous membrane.
prickly heat
Heat rash
proliferative dermatitis
Increase in skin inflammation
pruritic rash
Itchy skin
Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP)
A benign dermatosis that usually arises late in the third trimester of a first pregnancy.
pruritus
A sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch.
pruritus ani/ anusitis/ swamps
The irritation of the skin at the exit of the rectum, known as the anus, causing the desire to scratch.
psoriasiform
Resembling psoriasis
psoriasis
An autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. It occurs when the immune system mistakes the skin cells as a pathogen
psoriatic plaques
The most common type of psoriasis (an autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. It occurs when the immune system mistakes the skin cells as a pathogen).
purpura
The appearance of red or purple discolorations on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure.
purulent
Causing the pus formation
pustule
Pimple
pyoderma
Skin disease that is pyogenic (pus formation)
reticular or reticulated
Resembling or forming a net or network.
Rhus dermatitis
Rhus dermatitis is an allergic contact dermatitis caused by the Rhus (Toxicodendron) genus of plants.
rosacea
Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that makes your face turn red and may cause swelling and skin sores that look like acne.
rubella
The German measles, is an infection in which there is a rash on the skin.
rubeola
Measles, also known as rubeola or morbilli, is an infection of the respiratory system caused by a virus.
scabies
An easily spread skin disease caused by a very small species of mite.
Schamberg's disease
A chronic discoloration of the skin found in people of all ages, usually affecting the legs.
scleroderma
A connective tissue disease that involves changes in the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs.
seborrhea
Dandruff
seborrheic blepharitis
Flaky eyelids
seborrheic dermatitis
A common, inflammatory skin condition that causes flaky, white to yellowish scales to form on oily areas such as the scalp or inside the ear.
serpiginous or gyrate
Relating to or being a cutaneous lesion, such as an ulcer, having an arciform border and a wavy margin.
skin pigmentation
Skin pigmentation disorders affect the color of your skin.
skin tag/skin tags/ acrochordons
Benign growths thought to be caused by skin friction.
solar dermatitis
Sun rash
spongiosis
An intercellular edema between the keratinocytes in the epidermis.
squamous cell carcinoma
A type of skin cancer
Staph aureus
A bacteria
Steatoma/lipoma
A fatty mass retained within a sebaceous gland.
stellate
Lesions arranged in a radiating pattern like that of a star.
stomatitis
An inflammation of the mucous lining of any of the structures in the mouth.
strawberry hemangiomas
The most common tumors of infancy
sty
Eyelid swelling
subacute dermatitis
Neither chronic or acute inflammation of the skin.
sun-damaged skin
Symmetric (one side mirrors the other)
Exhibiting symmetry
syringoma
Harmless sweat duct tumor, typically found clustered on eyelids, although they may also be found in the armpits, umbilicus, or vulva
systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that may affect the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and other organs.
targetoid
A structure or lesion that has the appearance of a target or is target-like.
telogen effluvium
A form of nonscarring alopecia characterized by diffuse hair shedding, often with an acute onset.
tinea corporis
A skin infection due to fungi.
tinea cruris/joke itch/ringworm of the groin
An infection of the groin area caused by fungus.
tinea versicolor
A long-term (chronic) fungal infection of the skin.
ulcer
Internal sore
Ulceration (ulcer)
A discontinuity of the skin or a break in the skin that stops it from continuing its normal functions
urticaria
Skin rash usually occurs as an allergic reaction that is marked by itching and small pale and red swellings and often lasts for few days.
Vacuolization
the formation of vacuoles (a membrane-bound organelle) within or adjacent to cells.
verruca
Wart on foot, usually on sole
verrucae
Wart on foot, usually on sole
verrucous
Having warts
versicolor
multicolored
vesicle
Fluid-filled cyst
vesiculobullous
relating to, or being both vesicles and bullae
vesiculopustular
relating to, or marked by both vesicles and pustules
violaceous
A discoloration of skin.
vitiligo
A skin disorder in which smooth whitish patches appear on the skin
wart
Small lump on skin
weeping eczema
Eczema is a disease of skin characterized by inflammation and irritation.
wheal
A raised, itchy (pruritic) area of skin that is almost always an overt sign of allergy.
wheal-and-flare reaction
Skin allergies frequently cause rashes, or swelling and inflammation within the skin, in what is known as a "wheal and flare" reaction.
whitehead
Whiteheads are a specific type of acne called comedones.
xanthoma
A skin condition in which certain fats build up under the surface of the skin.
xeroderma
Dry skin
xerosis
An abnormal dryness of the skin or mucus membranes
Zosteriform or dermatomal
Lesions associated with particular nerve.

Treatment Related Terms in Dermatology

triamcinolone
Medicine used to treat skin conditions
Accutane
Accutane (isotretinoin) is a form of vitamin A and is used to treat severe nodular acne.
Allergy testing (patch testing)
Cortisol/hydrocortisone
A steroid hormone
Cosmetic filler injections
Cryosurgery
dermatoplasty
The use of skin grafts in plastic surgery to correct defects or replace skin destroyed by injury or disease.
DHEAS
Dehydroepiandrosterone
differential diagnosis
A systematic diagnostic method used to identify the presence of an entity where multiple alternatives are possible.
diphencyprone
A medicine used to treat alopecia areata
electrodesiccation and curettage (EDC, ED & C, or ED+C)
a commonly performed procedure by dermatologists, surgeons and general practitioners for the treatment of basal cell cancers and squamous cell cancers of the skin.
emollient
Soothing to skin
Fluorescence
Emission of light
Glaxal base
Moisturizing Cream
glycolic acid
Glycolic Acid is from Natural fruit acids (alpha hydroxy acids or AHAs) to rejuvenate the skin by encouraging the shedding of old, sun-damaged surface skin cells.
Hair removal with laser and other modalities
Hair transplantation
hair-pull test
The hair pull test is a simple test for the clinician to determine the ongoing activity and severity of any kind of hair loss.
Isopropyl alcohol
Purpose antiseptic uses for preparation of the skin prior to injection.
Kenalog (triamcinolone)
Treats inflammation caused by allergic reactions, eczema, and psoriasis.
Laser therapy
Lidex cream
Skin ointment used for treating inflammation and itching due to certain skin conditions
Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy
A treatment in which surface skin lesions are frozen.
minoxidil
An antihypertensive vasodilator medication which also slows or stops hair loss and promotes hair regrowth.
Mohs surgery/ chemosurgery
A microscopically controlled surgery used to treat common types of skin cancer.
Oxsoralen
Skin ointment
Petrolatum alba
Skin ointment
Photodynamic therapy
Phototherapy
Potassium hydroxide exam
A Potassium hydroxide test is used to diagnose fungal infections of the skin.
Radiation therapy
Retin-A cream
This cream used to treat acne.
slow Mohs (surgery or procedure)
A very useful technique for histologically subtle neoplasms.
Spectazole (econazole nitrate )cream
This cream is prescribed for fungal skin diseases commonly called ringworm (tinea).
steroids
Drugs that mimic the effects of testosterone
sun protection
Systemic therapies
Tattoo removal
Topical therapies
Topical therapy
Tretinoin
Skin ointment used for to combat acne and signs of aging skin.
triamcinolone cream
Skin ointment used for dryness, itching, redness, and inflammation of skin.
trichogram
Aggressive hair pluck
Tumescent liposuction
ultraviolet B phototherapy
Ultraviolet B phototherapy suitable for the psoriasis
Vitiligo surgery
Wood's light examination
A test that uses ultraviolet light to closely look at the skin.

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Cardiology

5/6/2014

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Anatomical Terms of Cardiovascular System

accentuated heart sound
More noticeable heart sound
accentuated M1
More noticeable first heart sound produced by the closure of the mitral valve is termed M1
aorta
The largest artery in the body of which major arteries branch off from.
aortic semilunar valve
The valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta
aortic valve
The aortic valve is one of the valves of the heart. It is normally tricuspid (with three leaflets), although in 1% of the population it is found to be congenitally bicuspid (two leaflets). It lies between the left ventricle and the aorta.
arterioles
Smaller branches of artery
atria (singular - atrium)
Upper two chambers of the heart.
atrioventricular bundle
Bundle of fibers that carry cardiac impulses.
atrioventricular node
A section of nodal tissue that delays and relays the cardiac impulses.
basophils
Basophils are an extremely rare type of white blood cell and promote the inflammatory response.
blood
A fluid which is composed of 55% liquid plasma and 45% formed elements
blood gases
The gases which dissolved in the liquid part of the blood. Blood gases include oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen
blood pressureA measurement of the amount of pressure exerted against the walls of the vessels
blood types
There are 4 major types of blood groups: A, AB, B, and O
brachiocephalic artery
Carries oxygenated blood from the aorta to the head, neck, and arm region of the body.
brachiocephalic veins
Two large veins that join to form the superior vena cava
bundle of His/ AV bundle or atrioventricular bundle
A collection of heart muscle cells spcialized for electrical conduction that transmits the electrical impulses from the AV node (located between the atria and the ventricles) to the point of the apex of the fascicular branches.
capillary
A capillary is an extremely small blood vessel located within the tissues of the body, that transports blood from arteries to veins.
cardiac
Related to heart.
cardiac apex
The narrow tip of the heart
cardiac conduction
The rate of which the heart conducts electrical impulses.
cardiac cycle
Sequence of events that occurs when the heart beats.
carotid artery
Supply oxygenated blood to the head and neck region of the body.
common iliac artery
Carry oxygenated blood from the abdominal aorta to the legs and feet.
common iliac veins
Veins that join to form the inferior vena cava
conduction system of the heart
The normal intrinsic electrical conduction of the heart allows electrical propagation to be transmitted from the sinoatrial node through both atria and forward to the atrioventricular node.
coronary artery
Carry oxygenated and nutrient filled blood to the heart muscle.
diastole phase
The heart ventricles are relaxed and the heart fills with blood.
diastolic pressure
The blood pressure which occurs when the ventricles are relaxed and is the lowest pressure against the walls of the blood vessel
dupp sound
This sound is heard second and it is shorter and short pitched. It is caused by tge semilunar valves closing in the aorta and the pulmonary arteries
endarterial
Pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery
endocardium
Inner layer of the wall of the heart.
eosinophils
A normal type of white blood cells, which are produced in the bone marrow and increase in response to allergic conditions.
epicardium
Outer layer of the wall of the heart.
erythrocytes/red corpuscles
Mature red blood cells
fibrinogen
Clotting protein found in plasma
heart
The organ that helps supply blood and oxygen to all parts of the body.
heart valves
The flap like structures that allow blood to flow in one direction.
hemoglobin
A blood protein that plays an important role in transporting oxygen throughout the body.
inferior vena cava
The large vein that brings the blood from the lower portion of the body
interatrial septum
The wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the heart.
interventricular septum
The wall separating the lower chambers (the ventricles) of the heart from one another.
left fifth interspace
leukocytes
White blood cells whose primary function is fighting diseases in the body.
lubb sound
This sound is caused by the valves closing between the atria and the ventricles
lumen
The channel or opening within the vessel through which blood flows
lymphocytes
A small white blood cell (leukocyte) that plays a large role in defending.
macrophages
A type of white blood cell that ingests foreign material.
midclavicular line
A vertical line crossing through the left or right clavicle (bone at front of human shoulder.)
midsternal line
A line in the middle of the sternum (breastbone.)
mitral valve/bicuspid valve
The valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle
monocytes
Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that attack bacteria or viruses.
myocardium
Middle layer of the wall of the heart.
neutrophils
Most common type of white blood cells which fight infections by phagocytosis
P wave
P wave is due to the excitation (contraction) of the atria
pacemaker
A heart muscle or small device, which helps to control abnormal heart rhythms.
paradoxical pulse
An noticeable normal variation in the pulse during respiration.
pericardial fluid
The fluid which prevents friction when the heart beats
pericardium
The pericardium is a double membranous sac in which the heart is enclosed.
phagocytosis
The process of engulfing and swallowing up germs
plasma
A straw colored fluid that transports nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
precordium
The portion of the body over the heart and lower chest.
prothrombin
Clotting protein found in plasma
pulmonary artery
Carry de-oxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs.
pulmonary circulation
Circulation of the blood out of the heart from the right ventricle and through the pulmonary arterial system
pulmonary semilunar valve
The valve which is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
pulmonary valve
Prevents the back flow of blood as it pumped from right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
pulmonary veins
Transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
Pulse
The rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery produced by the pressure of the blood moving through the artery
Purkinje fibers
Fiber branches that extends from the atrioventricular bundle.
QRS complex
Shows excitation (contraction) of the ventricles
reticulocyte
Immature red blood cells that is characterized by a mesh like pattern of threads.
Rh factor
The Rh factor is an antigen (any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it) present in the erythrocytes. A person with the presence of antigen is Rh positive and a person lacking the antigen is Rh negative.
S1
First heart sound
S2
Second heart sound
S3
Third heart sound
S4
Fourth heart sound
serum
A plasma with clotting proteins removed.
sinoatrial node/SA node
A section of node tissue that sets the rate of contraction for the heart.
subclavian artery
Supply oxygenated blood to the arms.
superior vena cava
The large vein that brings the blood from the upper portion of the body
systemic circulation
Circulation of the blood to all parts of the body except lungs
systole phase
The ventricles contract and pump blood to the arteries.
systolic pressure
The blood pressure which occurs when the ventricles contract and is the highest pressure against the walls of the blood vessels.
T wave
T wave is the recovery (relaxation) of the ventricles
thrombocytes/platelets
Smallest formed elements of the blood. They manufactured in bone marrow and plays important role in blood clotting.
tricuspid valve
The valve which control the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle
venae cavae
Transport de-oxygenated blood from various regions of the body to the heart.
ventricles
Lower two chambers of the heart.
venules
Small veins

Cardiovascular Disease and Disease Related Terms

anemia
A disorder characterized by lower than normal level of red blood cells in the blood
aneurysm
Bulge in Artery
angiitis/vasculitis
An inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel
angina pectoris
Spasmodic, chocking, or suffocating pain that is usually due to interference with the supply of oxygen to the myocardium
angionecrosis
The necrosis (death) of the walls of blood vessels.
angiospasm
A spasmodic contraction of the blood vessel
angiostenosis
The narrowing of the blood vessle
aortic click
apex beat
aplastic anemia
An absence of all formed blood elements.
area of cardiac dullness
A triangular area of the front of the chest
arrhythmia
A disorder of heart rate or rhythm.
arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries
arteritis
Inflammation of the walls of arteries
atheroma
A characteristic of atherosclerosis, is a plaque (fatty deposit) within the arterial wall
atherosclerosis
Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to buildup of cholesterol plaques
atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib)
The most common cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heart beat).
atrial filling impulse
atrial gallop
atrial septal defect
Atrial septal defect (ASD) - also known as a "hole in the heart" - is a type of congenital heart disease
auscultation
A term for listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope.
Austin Flint murmur
An Austin Flint murmur is a mid-diastolic or presystolic murmur low- pitched rumbling murmur which is best heard at the cardiac apex
backflow
Action of flowing back
bacterial endocarditis
An inflammation of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria
bigeminy
The occurrence of two beats of the pulse or two heartbeats in rapid succession.
Bishop’s nod (Musset (de Musset) sign)A visible nodding of the head in time with arterial pulsation
blood dyscrasias
The pathologic conditions or disorders such as leukemia or hemophilia in which the constituents of the blood are abnormal or are present in abnormal quantity
blowing murmur
bradyarrhythmia
Slowness of the heartbeat
bradycardia
An abnormally slow heartbeat
breathing cycle
Repetition of the pattern of inhalation
bruit
A sound, especially an abnormal one.
capillary pulsation
cardiac arrhythmia/dysrhythmia
Loss of normal heart rhythm, especially an irregularity of the heartbeat
cardiac tamponade
A compression of the heart that occurs when blood or fluid builds up in the space between the myocardium (heart muscle) and the pericardium (outer covering sac of the heart).
cardiomyopathy
A condition in which the heart becomes weakened and enlarged
cardiovascular disease
Diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels
carditis
An inflammation of the heart
chest pain
cholesterol and triglycerides
Lipids that circulate in the bloodstream
click or snap
closure of aortic and pulmonic valves
coarctation of the aorta
A narrowing of part of the aorta
coarse friction rub
coarse murmur
compensatory pause
A pause in the heartbeat following an extrasystole (A premature contraction of the heart) that is long enough to compensate for the prematurity of the extrasystole
congenital anomaly (congenital abnormality, congenital malformation, birth defect)
A condition which is present at the time of birth
congestive heart failure (CHF)
Heart attack
cooing-dove murmur
Cor pulmonale
Cor pulmonale is failure of the right side of the heart brought on by long-term high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle of the heart
coronary artery disease (CAD)
A condition in which plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries.
coronary thrombosis
Obstruction of a coronary artery by a thrombus
Corrigan pulse
A pulse that is full and then suddenly collapses named for the Irish physician Dominic John Corrigan.
creaking friction rub
creaking soundCrescendo murmur
crescendo-decrescendo murmur
cyanosis
The appearance of a blue or purple coloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface being low on oxygen
de Musset's sign
A condition in which there is rhythmic nodding or bobbing of the head in synchrony with the beating of the heart.
decrescendo murmur
deep venous thrombosis
The formation of a blood clot in a vein that is deep inside a part of the body.
dependent edema
Edema that changes its position with the posture of dependent parts
Dextrocardia
A condition in which the heart is pointed toward the right side of the chest instead of normally pointing to the left.
diamond-shaped murmur
diaphoresis (hyperhidrosis)
A medical condition in which a person sweats excessively and unpredictably.
diastolic murmur
Heart murmurs during diastole (the period of time when the heart fills with blood after systole ( contraction).
dilated jugular veins
Enlargement of jugular vein
diminished heart sound
Less impressive heart sound
diminuendo murmur
distant heart tones
dyscrasia
Any abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood
dyspnea
Shortness of breath (SOB)
dyspnea on exertion (DOE)
Shortness of breath on exertion
ecchymosis
The skin discoloration caused by the escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels
edema
Swelling caused by fluid in your body's tissues
embolism
Blockage of artery by embolus (blood clot)
embolism
The blockage of a vessel by an embolus
embolus (plural - emboli)
A foreign object, such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas or a bit of tissue or tumor that is circulating in the blood
embryocardia
A symptom of heart disease in which the sounds of the heart resemble those of the fetal heart sound.
endocarditis
Inflammation of the inside lining of the heart chambers and heart valves (endocardium).
epistaxis
Bleed from the nose
erythrocytosis
An increase in the number of erythrocytes in proportion to the number of other blood cells
extra beats
extrasystoles
faint friction rub
fibrillation
A rapid, random, and ineffective contractions of the heart
fistula
An abnormal connection between an organ, vessel, or intestine and another structure.
fixed splitting of S2
flushing
A redness of the skin
flutter
A cardiac arrythmia in which the atrial contractions are rapid but regular
gallop
Heart sound
Graham Steell murmur
grating friction rub
grating sound
harsh friction rub
harsh murmur
heart murmur
The sound of abnormal sound of blood flow is called heart murmur
hemangioma
A benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels
hematoma
A collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the skin or in an organ
hemolytic anemia
The shortened survival of mature erythrocytes
hemophilia
A group of bleeding disorders in which it takes a long time for the blood to clot.
hemorrhage
Bleeding or the abnormal flow of blood.
hemorrhage
The loss of a large amount of blood in a short time
hemorrhoids/piles
Varicose veins near the anus
high-pitched murmur
holosystolic murmur
hyperalbuminemia
An abnormally high level of albumin in the blood
hyperbilirubinemia
An excessive concentration of bilirubin in the blood
hyperlipemia
An elevated concentration of triglycerides in the plasma
hyperlipidemia
Increased levels of lipids (fats) in the blood.
hyperlipidemia
A general term for elevated concentrations of any or all of the lipids in the plasma
hypertension
Elevated blood pressure
hyperuricemia
An excessive uric acid in the blood stream
hypoperfusion
A deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part.
hypotension
Low blood pressure
hypoxemia
Decreased partial pressure of oxygen in blood.
idiopathic hypertension
Consistently elevated blood pressure due to unknown cause
idioventricular rhythm
incompetent valve
increased M1
infarct
A localized area of necrosis (tissue death) caused by an interruption of the blood supply
inflamed pericardium
interventricular or ventricular septal defect
One or more holes in the wall that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart
iron deficiency anemia
An anemia caused by an inadequate supply of iron within body
ischemia
A condition that occurs when blood flow and oxygen are kept from a particular part of the body.
ischemic heart disease/IHD
A group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart that is usually associated with coronary artery disease
leukemia
A type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells called "blasts"
leukocytosis
A raised white blood cell count (the leukocyte count) above the normal range in the blood.
leukopenia
An abnormal decrease in the number of white blood cells
light-headedness or syncope
Fainting episode
loud friction rub
low-pitched murmur
Lub-dup sound
lymphedema (lymphatic obstruction)
A blockage of the lymph vessels that drain fluid from tissues throughout the body and allow immune cells to travel where they are needed.
machinery murmur
malignant hypertension
The sudden onset of severely elevated blood pressure. It commonly damages small vessels in the brain, retina, heart, and kidneys.
midsystolic click
mitral stenosis
Abnormal narrowing of the opening of the mitral valve
mitral valve prolapse
An abnormal protrusion of the mitral valve that results in the incomplete closure of the valve
mononucleosis
A viral infection causing fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands, especially in the neck.
muffled heart tones
murmur
murmurs, gallops, or rubs
Heart sounds
musical murmur
myocardial infarction (MI)
Heart attack
myocarditis
An inflammation of the heart muscle
occlusion
A blockage in the canal, vessel, or passageway in the body
orthopnea
A sign of heart failure that makes it difficult for people to breathe while lying down.
pain in an extremity
pallor
Paleness
palpitation
Fast or irregular heartbeat
pansystolic murmur
paradoxical splitting of S2
parasternal heave
The palpable movement on the precordium around the sternum which is caused most often by enlarged heart.
parasternal lift
parasternal shock
paroxysm
A sudden convulsion or spasm
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
Attacks of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occur at night.
paroxysmal tachycardia
A fast heartbeat of sudden onset
patent ductus arteriosus
A heart problem that occurs soon after birth in some babies.
patent foramen ovale (PFO)
While a baby grows in the womb, there is a normal opening between the left and right atria (upper chambers) of the heart. If this opening fails to close naturally soon after the baby is born, the hole is called patent foramen ovale
pericardial adhesion
An attachment of the pericardium to the heart muscle.
pericardial effusion
Fluid around the heart
pericardial knock
An early diastolic sound caused by loss of pericardial elasticity accompanying fibrosis that limits ventricular filling.
pericardial tamponade
An acute type of pericardial effusion in which fluid accumulates in the pericardium
pericarditis
An inflammation of the pericardium
peripheral edema
The swelling of tissues, usually in the lower limbs, due to the accumulation of fluids.
pernicious anemia
A form of anemia that results from a failure of the body to absorb vitamin B12
petechia
A small red or purple spot on the body, caused by a minor hemorrhage (broken capillary blood vessels).
phlebitis
An inflammation of a vein
physiologic spitting of S2
pistol shot pulse
pitting edema
plaque
A patch or slightly raised area
PMI (point of maximal intensity)
polyarteritis
An inflammation involving several arteries
precordial palpation
A simple useful part of the physical examination
precordial thrill
premature beat
premature ventricular contractions
presystolic murmur
protodiastolic murmur
protodiastolic rumble
pulmonic ejection click
pulse deficit
The difference between the simultaneously counted heart rate and the pulse rate.
pulse pressure
pulsus alternans
A physical finding with arterial pulse waveform showing alternating strong and weak beats.
pulsus paradoxus
Quincke pulse
rale
An abnormal sound heard accompanying the normal respiratory sounds on auscultation of the chest
rasping murmur
Raynaud disease
A rare disorder of the blood vessels, usually in the fingers and toes.
Raynaud phenomenon
This consists of intermittent attacks of pallor (paleness), cyanosis (bluish color), and redness of the fingers and toes.
reduced heart tones
regurgitation
To bring undigested or partially digested food up from the stomach.
respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)
A naturally occurring variation in heart rate that occurs during a breathing cycle.
rheumatic heart disease
A complication of rheumatic fever in which the heart valves are damaged
rhythmic blushing of nail beds
RSR (regular sinus rhythm)
rub
rumbling murmur
scratchy friction rub
seagull murmur
secondary hypertension
An elevated blood pressure due to different medical problem such as kidney disorder or a tumor on the adrenal glands.
septicemia/blood poisoning
The presence and persistence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood.
shock
shuffling friction rub
sick sinus syndrome
Sick sinus syndrome is a collection of heart rhythm disorders that include: Sinus bradycardia -- slow heart rates from the natural pacemaker of the heart. Tachycardia -- fast heart rates. Bradycardia-tachycardia -- alternating slow and fast heart rhythms
sickle cell anemia
A genetic disorder that causes the red blood cell to assume an abnormal sickle shape. This abnormal cell's shape damages and affects most of the body systems
sinus bradycardia
Slow heart rates from the natural pacemaker of the heart.
sinus tachycardia
Fast heart rates.
situs inversus (also called situs transversus)
A congenital condition in which the major visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal positions
soft friction rub
stenosis
Narrowing of duct
Stenotic valve
A disease of the heart valves in which the opening of the valve is narrowed.
synchronous
Occurring simultaneously
systolic murmur
systolic thrill
tachyarrhythmia
A medical condition in which heart beat is fast and irregular.
tachycardia
An abnormally fast heartbeat
tachypnea
Unusually fast breathing
tetralogy of Fallot
A type of congenital heart defect
thalassemia/ Cooley's anemia
A genetic disorder characterized by short-lived red blood cells.
thrill
thrombocytopenia
An abnormal decrease in the number of platelets
thrombophlebitis
A swelling (inflammation) of a vein caused by a blood clot.
thrombosis
The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel
thrombotic occlusion
The blocking of an artery by a clot
thrombus
A blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery
tick tock rhythm
To-and-fro murmur
tricuspid stenosis
Abnormal narrowing of the opening of the tricuspid valve
valvular click
valvular disease
valvular heart disease
Any disease process involving one or more of the valves of the heart
valvular snap
valvulitis
An inflammatory condition of a heart valve
varicose veins
Varicose veins are swollen, twisted, and sometimes painful veins that have filled with an abnormal collection of blood.
varicosity
One area of swelling
venous hum
ventricular apex beat
ventricular contraction
ventricular dilatation
ventricular fibrillation
A severely abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) that can be life-threatening.
ventricular filling
ventricular gallop
ventricular hypertrophy
Enlargement of ventricles
ventricular relaxation
ventricular septal defect
One or more holes in the wall that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart
water-hammer pulse
weak heart tones

Treatment Related Terms of Cardiovascular Disease

ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme)
Interfere with the action of the kidney hormone renin that causes these muscles to squeeze.
aneurysmectomy
Suture to aneurysm
angiocardiogram
The resulting film of angiocardiography is called angiocardiogram.
angiocardiography
A diagnostic procedure involving the use of radiopaque dye and chest x-rays to show the dimensions of the heart and large blood vessels.
angiogram
The resulting film of angiography is called angiogram
angiography
A radiographic study of blood vessels after the injection of a radiopaque material
angioplasty
A surgery to clear a narrowed or blocked artery.
antiarrhythmic
Administered to control irregularities of the heartbeat
anticoagulant/thrombolytic agent
The agent which slows blood clotting (coagulation) and prevents new clots from forming.
antihypertensive drugs
Drugs which administered to lower the blood pressure
arteriectomy
The surgical removal of the part of the artery
atherectomy
A minimally invasive surgical method of removing, mainly, atherosclerosis from a large blood vessel within the body
atherectomy
The removal of plaque from an artery by means of a rotary cutter introduced into the artery through a special catheter under radiographic guidance.
ballistocardiography
The ballistocardiograph (BCG) is a measure of ballistic forces on the heart. Ballistocardiography is a technique for producing a graphical representation of repetitive motions of the human body arising from the sudden ejection of blood into the great vessels with each heart beat
bare-metal stent
Bare-metal stent is a vascular stent without a coating (as used in drug-eluting stents). It is a mesh-like tube of thin wire.
Beta-blocking drugs
The drugs which are used to slow the heartbeat
Bruce protocol
A diagnostic test used in the evaluation of cardiac function, developed by Robert A. Bruce.
bypass surgery OR coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
A surgical procedure performed to relieve angina and reduce the risk of death from coronary artery disease.
calcium channel blocker
Medicines which are used to reduce the contraction of the muscle that squeeze blood vessels tight
cardiac catheterization
A radiographic study in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and is guided into the heart for purposes of detecting pressures and patterns of blood flow.
cardiac stress test
A test used in medicine and cardiology to measure the heart's ability to respond to external stress in a controlled clinical environment
cardiomyoplasty
A surgical procedure in which healthy muscle from another part of the body is wrapped around the heart to provide support for the failing heart.
cardiopulmonary resuscitation/CPR
An emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac massage.
cardiotocography
cardiotocography (CTG) is a recording (-graphy) the fetal heartbeat (cardio-) and the uterine contractions during pregnancy, typically in the third trimester.
cardioversion
A medical procedure by which an abnormally fast heart rate or cardiac arrhythmia is converted to a normal rhythm, using electricity or drugs
carotid endarterectomy
A treatment to prevent a stroke by removing plaque from clogged carotid arteries that lead to the brain
carotid sinus massage
The carotid sinus is a localized dilation of the internal carotid artery at its origin, the common carotid artery. Carotid sinus massageMassage of the carotid sinus, carotid sinus massage is used to diagnose carotid sinus syncope and is sometimes useful for differentiating supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) from ventricular tachycardia
catheter ablation
Catheter ablation is an invasive procedure used to remove a faulty electrical pathway from the hearts of those who are prone to developing cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
chest X-ray
A chest x-ray is an x-ray of the chest, lungs, heart, large arteries, ribs, and diaphragm
coronary artery bypass surgery/revascularization
A surgical procedure in which a small piece of vein is taken from the leg and implanted near the heart to bypass a blockage in the coronary artery and to improve the flow of blood to the heart.
coronary stent
A coronary stent is a tube placed in the coronary arteries that supply the heart, to keep the arteries open in the treatment of coronary heart disease
coupling
Something that joins two things
defibrillation/cardioversion
The use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm
diuretics
Drugs which increase the urine secretion so body can get rid of the excess sodium and water
drug-eluting stent
A drug-eluting stent (DES) is a peripheral or coronary stent placed into narrowed, diseased peripheral or coronary arteries that slowly releases a drug to block cell proliferation
echocardiography
A diagnostic procedure that uses ultrasound to evaluate the structures of the heart.
electrocardiogram/ECG/EKG
A record of the electrical activity of the myocardium
electrocardiography
The process of recording electrocardiogram is called electrocardiography.
electrophysiological studies
Electrophysiological (EP) studies is a test used to determine if a heart condition is present.
endarterectomy
The surgical removal of plaque from clogged arteries
heart transplant
A heart transplant is surgery to remove a person's diseased heart and replace it with a healthy heart from a deceased donor.
heart valve surgery
A surgery is used to repair or replace diseased heart valves
hemorrhoidectomy
The surgical removal of hemorrhoids
hemostasis
To control bleeding
Holter monitor
A portable device for continuously monitoring various electrical activity of the cardiovascular system for at least 24 hours (often for two weeks at a time).
impedance cardiography (ICG) or electrical impedance plethysmography (EIP)
The placement of four dual disposable sensors on the neck and chest are used to transmit and detect electrical and impedance changes in the thorax, which are used to measure and calculate hemodynamic parameters.
invasive diagnostic procedure
A diagnostic or therapeutic technique that requires entry of a body cavity or interruption of normal body functions
laser angioplasty (excimer laser coronary angioplasty)
A technique that can be used to open coronary arteries blocked by plaque.
minimally invasive heart surgery (keyhole surgery)
Minimally invasive heart surgery (also called keyhole surgery) is performed through small incisions, sometimes using specialized surgical instruments. The incision used for minimally invasive heart surgery is about 3 to 4 inches instead of the 6- to 8-inch incision required for traditional surgery.
noninvasive diagnostic procedure
A medical procedure is strictly defined as non-invasive when no break in the skin is created and there is no contact with the mucosa, or skin break, or internal body cavity beyond a natural or artificial body orifice.
nuclear imaging
Nuclear imaging is a method of producing images by detecting radiation from different parts of the body after a radioactive tracer material is administered.
pacemaker
An electronic device implanted under the skin with connections leading into the heart to regulate the heartbeat.
percutaneous
Through the skin
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty/balloon angioplasty/PTCA
The procedure in which balloon (on the end of the catheter)is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery
phlebogram
The resulting film of phlebography is called phlebogram.
phlebography
The technique of the preparing an x-ray image of veins injected with a contrast medium material.
plasmapheresis
The process of separating the plasma and formed elements from blood withdrawn from the body.
pulmonary function tests
Pulmonary function tests are a group of tests that measure how well the lungs take in and release air and how well they move gases such as oxygen from the atmosphere into the body's circulation.
stent
A small metallic expander implanted in a coronary artery to prevent it from collapsing or becoming obstructed again after balloon angioplasty.
stent procedure
Stent procedure uses a wire mesh tube (a stent) to prop open an artery that has recently been cleared using angioplasty.
stress test
Tests which are used to assess cardiovascular health and function during and after the application of stress such as exercise
thallium stress test
The flow of blood through the heart during activity is assessed through the use of a radiopharmaceutical (thallium) during a stress test
tilt test
A Tilt Table Test or TTT is widely used in making the diagnosis of Neurally Mediated Syncope (NMS).
tissue plasminogen activator/TPA
A clot dissolving drug used for the immediate treatment of heart attack victims
Tourniquet
The use of a constricting band applied to a limb to control bleeding.
transfusion
Introduction of whole blood or blood components into the bloodstream of the recipient
transluminal
Through a lumen of the artery
transmyocardial revascularization (TMR)
Trans-myocardial revascularization is a new surgical procedure using a laser to make "channels", or small holes, directly into the heart muscle.
ultrasound (sonography)
A technique that uses high-frequency sound waves for medical diagnosis and treatment of an internal body part, especially a fetus in the womb, using ultrasound technology.
valvuloplasty
The surgical repair of heart valve
vasoconstrictor
A instrument which constricts (narrows) the blood vessel
vasodilator
A instrument which dilates (expands) the blood vessel
vectorcardiography
A method of recording the magnitude and direction of the electrical forces that are generated by the heart by means of a continuous series of vectors that form curving lines around a central point.

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Anesthesiology

5/6/2014

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Anesthesiology Terms

AMBU
artificial manual breathing unit
analgesia
A deadening or absence of the sense of pain without loss of consciousness.
anesthesia
A drug, administered for medical or surgical purposes for total or partial loss of sensation
anesthesia awareness
when a patient under general anesthesia receives insufficient medication or the anesthesia wears off too quickly to prevent consciousness and recall, which can be very traumatic if the patient is undergoing a surgical procedure
anesthesia care team
The group of people that will be taking care of you during your procedure.
anesthesiologist
A medical doctor who is specialized in the practice of anesthesiology
anesthesiologist assistant (AA)
Anesthesiologist Assistants are highly skilled, knowledgeable, master degree earning members of the anesthesia care team who with their impeccable safety records work side by side with Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist's ( CRNA's).
anesthetist
any person trained to admin anesthesia
buprenorphine
An opioid pain medication. An opioid is sometimes called a narcotic. Buprenorphine transdermal (skin patch) is used to treat moderate to severe chronic pain when treatment is needed around the clock.
butorphanol
An opioid pain medication. An opioid is sometimes called a narcotic. Butorphanol is used to treat moderate to severe pain
catheter
a rubber or flexible plastic tube inserted in the veins or arteries to deliver medications to the body or expel fluids from it
central venous catheter
a catheter placed in a large vein, such as the jugular vein in the neck, to infuse large amounts of medication or fluid
certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA)
like an anesthesiologist, a CRNA administers anesthesia and monitors and manages patients before, during and immediately following a medical or surgical procedure
codeine
A group of drugs called narcotic pain medicines. Codeine is used to treat mild to moderately severe pain.
cryoanesthesia
insensibility resulting from cold
diazepam
A group of drugs called benzodiazepines (ben-zoe-dye-AZE-eh-peens). Diazepam affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause anxiety
dissociogenics
Over-stimulates CNS instead of depressing it, dissociating the mind from the body
endotracheal tube
A breathing tube, usually made of flexible plastic, inserted in a patient’s trachea to ensure the airway remains open and protected so air is able to reach the patient’s lungs; used during induction and intubation
epidural anesthesia
a type of regional anesthesia where a small catheter is inserted in the back just inside the spinal canal (the epidural space) to allow infusion of local anesthetic
ether
General name for a class of inhaled anesthetics used in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia
extubation
Removal of an endotracheal tube after patient is recovered
fentanyl
Fentanyl is a narcotic (opioid) pain medicine
general anesthesia
a state of total unconsciousness resulting from anesthetic drugs (as for a major surgical operation)
halothane
an inhaled anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia that is generally well-tolerated
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone is an opioid pain medication. An opioid is sometimes called a narcotic. Hydromorphone is used to treat moderate to severe pain.
induction
production of anesthetic state/unconsciousness by use of appropriate agent
inhalant
A broad range of drugs whose volatile vapors are taken in via the nose and trachea.
intravenous (IV) catheter
a catheter inserted into the vein(s) to give medications and fluids before, during and after surgery or a medical procedure
intubate/intubation
placement of a flexible plastic tube in the trachea to protect and support the airway and allow for mechanical or artificial respiration; usually done when the patient is asleep
isoflurane
A nonflammable liquid administered by vaporizing, is a general inhalation anesthetic drug
ketamine
a dis-associative anesthetic administered intravenously and used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia
laryngeal mask airway (LMA)
A tube with an inflatable cuff that is inserted into the pharynx after induction to manage breathing while unconscious.
laryngoscope
A device that permits the anesthesiologist to view the glottis and vocal cords to protect them from possible injury with intubation
-leptic
suffix that means "pertaining to overloading"
lidocaine
A local anesthetic (numbing medication).
local analgesics
acts directly on the nerves to block impulse transmission
local anesthesia
loss of sensation in a small area of the body (as when a local anesthetic is injected for a tooth extraction)
maintenance
phase of anesthesia that starts after induction; animal enters & stays at anesthetic depth adequate enough for surgical procedure
meperidine (Demerol)
An opioid pain medication. An opioid is sometimes called a narcotic. Meperidine is used to treat moderate-to-severe pain.
mixed agonist/antagonist
A mixed agonist-antagonist is a drug or receptor ligand that possesses pharmacological properties similar to both AGONISTS and ANTAGONISTS for certain RECEPTOR sites.
morphine
Morphine is an opioid pain medication. An opioid is sometimes called a narcotic. Morphine is used to treat moderate to severe pain
naloxone
An special narcotic drug that reverses the effects of other narcotic medicines
narcotic agonists
stimulate opioid receptors in body to produce physiological effects
narcotic antagonist
reverse" the effects of opiods
narcotics
opioid derived from plants or synthesized; have analgesic effects on the body
neostigmine
Neostigmine affects chemicals in the body that are involved in the communication between nerve impulses and muscle movement.
nerve block anesthesia
anesthesia of an area supplied by a nerve
neuroleptanalgesics
Combination of narcotics & sedatives/tranqs
has a calming effect over patient as well as pain relief
neuroleptic
Drugs which takes hold of the nervous system.
nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide is used in surgery and dentistry for its anesthetic and analgesic effects. It is known as "laughing gas" due to the euphoric effects of inhaling it.
oxymorphone
Oxymorphone is an opioid pain medication. An opioid is sometimes called a narcotic. Oxymorphone is used to treat moderate to severe pain.
positive pressure ventilation
artificial means of ventilation
propofol
A drug that reduces anxiety and tension, and promotes relaxation and sleep or loss of consciousness.
recovery
the period between the stoppage of anesthetic administration stops and when the pt can walk/stand w/out assistance
regional anesthesia
loss of sensation in a region of the body produced by application of an anesthetic agent to all the nerves supplying that region
respiration
exchange of O2 & CO2 at cellular/alveolar level
sedation
medication(s) that create a state of calm and reduced pain and/or anxiety
sedative/tranquilizer
agent that calms nervousness, irritability, and excitement
sodium pentothal/sodium thiopental
a rapid-onset, short-acting general anesthetic administered intravenously; most commonly used in the induction phase of anesthesia.
surgical anesthesia
degree of anesthesia at wh/ most surgeries may be safely performed
tidal volume
amount of air passing in/out of lungs in one breath
topical anesthesia
loss of sensation confined to the skin or mucous surfaces
ventilation
movement of air into and out of lungs
yohimbine
Yohimbine increases the amount of blood that is allowed to flow into the penis and prevents blood from flowing out of the penis. It can cause an erection. Yohimbine is used to treat and diagnose some types of impotence.

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Anatomical Terms of Digestive System

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